Kosovo's future
The waiting
game
Sep 27th 2007
From The Economist print edition
European Union decisions will be
crucial to the future of Kosovo—and Serbia
THIS week Serbs and Kosovo Albanians (Kosovars) are meeting
in New York to discuss the future of Kosovo—or so diplomats would have everyone
believe. In fact, the two sides are simply restating their well-known
positions. The Kosovars want independence; the Serbs say they cannot have it.
Since the parties cannot agree, diplomats on all sides have merely been
pretending that genuine negotiations are taking place.
There is a debate about Kosovo. But it is not between Serbs
and Kosovars, nor even between Russians and Americans. Rather it is within the
European Union. What EU countries decide will matter not just for the 2m
inhabitants of Kosovo, 90% of whom are ethnic Albanians. It will also affect
the credibility of the EU's nascent foreign policy.
On the map, Kosovo is Serbia's southern province. But since
the end of the war in 1999 it has been under United Nations jurisdiction. Serbs
in Kosovo live in heavily protected enclaves or in a compact patch abutting
Serbia proper. The Kosovars have long demanded independence. Serbia has
promised to grant Kosovo almost unlimited autonomy short of independence, but
given its history the Kosovars are not interested.
In March, Martti Ahtisaari, a former Finnish president, gave
the UN a plan for “supervised independence”, after 14 rounds of mostly
fruitless negotiations. But Russia said it would veto a Security Council
resolution backing this. In desperation, fresh talks were initiated. On
December 10th the Russian, American and EU ambassadors overseeing these
fictitious negotiations will report back. Western diplomats (and Kosovars) say
that will be the end of the game; the Russians (and Serbs) say it will not be.
Given the Russian stance, and statements by the Americans
that they will recognise Kosovo if it declares independence after December
10th, neither party has an incentive to take the process seriously. It is what
the Europeans do that matters. America does not want to be the only big power
to recognise an independent Kosovo. Britain and France would like to, and they
do not like what they see as Russian interference in an internal European
matter. But they also want to maintain EU unity.
So the spotlight will shift to Berlin. If Germany recognises
Kosovo's independence, Italy and most (but not all) other EU countries will
probably follow. Serbia would then be at a fork in the road. The prime
minister, Vojislav Kostunica, is mounting shrill attacks on NATO and the West.
Ministers from his party have also been saying that, if European countries
recognise an independent Kosovo, Serbia will no longer seek to join the EU.
If Serbia ends its EU bid, it will head into isolation, and
may drag all of the western Balkans with it. Yet Kosovo will not wait placidly
forever: this week a bomb in Pristina killed two people. Faced with unpalatable
choices, it will be no surprise if the diplomats, or their political masters,
find another reason for delay when December 10th comes
http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9867262
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